Quarterly
Standard Deviations
1960 - 2025
Jan 1, 1960 to Oct 1, 2025
FRED
3 weeks ago
RecentMay 4, 2026
The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The BBK Coincident Index is the sum of the leading and lagging subcomponents of the cycle measured in standard deviation units from trend real GDP growth. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMCOIX (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMCOIX)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the
As of October 1, 2025 • Q data • Source: FRED
This dataset contains 264 quarterly observations, over 66 years, updated quarterly from FRED, It of real economic activity and quarterly real gdp growth. View Methodology
Data Points
264
Coverage
66 years
Updates
quarterly
This dataset's metadata was updated on 5/7/2026. The current data may be outdated.