Monthly
+1 or 0
1854 - 2025
Dec 1, 1854 to Dec 1, 2025
FRED
1 months ago
RecentOct 1, 2026
This time series is an interpretation of US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions data provided by The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) at http://www.nber.org/cycles/cyclesmain.html. Our time series is composed of dummy variables that represent periods of expansion and recession. The NBER identifies months and quarters of turning points without designating a date within the period that turning points occurred. The dummy variable adopts an arbitrary convention that the turning point occurred at a specific date within the period. The arbitrary convention does not reflect any judgment on this issue by the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee. A value of 1 is a recessionary period, while a value of 0 is an expansionary period. For this time series, the recession begins midpoint of the period of the peak and ends midpoint of the period of the trough. Therefore, the recession period includes the entire period of both peak and trough. For more options on recession shading, s
As of December 1, 2025 • M data • Source: FRED
This dataset contains 2,053 monthly observations, over 171 years, 9 months, updated monthly from FRED. View Methodology
Data Points
2,053
Coverage
171 years, 9 months
Updates
monthly
This dataset's metadata was updated on 10/8/2026. The current data may be outdated.