Quarterly
+1 or 0
1854 - 2025
Oct 1, 1854 to Oct 1, 2025
FRED
1 months ago
StaleApr 1, 2026
This time series is an interpretation of US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions data provided by The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) at http://www.nber.org/cycles/cyclesmain.html. Our time series is composed of dummy variables that represent periods of expansion and recession. The NBER identifies months and quarters of turning points without designating a date within the period that turning points occurred. The dummy variable adopts an arbitrary convention that the turning point occurred at a specific date within the period. The arbitrary convention does not reflect any judgment on this issue by the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee. A value of 1 is a recessionary period, while a value of 0 is an expansionary period. For this time series, the recession begins midpoint of the period of the peak and ends midpoint of the period of the trough. Therefore, the recession period includes the entire period of both peak and trough. For more options on recession shading, s
As of October 1, 2025 • Q data • Source: FRED
This dataset contains 685 quarterly observations, over 171 years, 3 months, updated quarterly from FRED. View Methodology
Data Points
685
Coverage
171 years, 3 months
Updates
quarterly